Why is proper asphalt compaction critical for pavement performance?

Proper asphalt compaction is critical for pavement performance primarily because it minimizes air voids and enhances strength. When asphalt is adequately compacted, the air spaces in the mix are significantly reduced, which is essential for achieving a dense structure. This density is fundamental because it directly influences the durability and longevity of the pavement.

A lower quantity of air voids means that the asphalt mixture can better resist the infiltration of water, which helps to prevent degradation and extends the life of the pavement. Adequate compaction also increases the strength of the asphalt layer, making it more capable of withstanding traffic loads and environmental conditions without cracking or deforming.

In contrast, while factors like the softness of asphalt or the texture of the surface may influence certain aspects of performance or aesthetics, they do not directly contribute to the structural integrity that results from effective compaction. The ability to reduce the number of asphalt layers through compaction may also be a benefit but is secondary to the primary role of enhancing strength and reducing air voids.